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comminute v. [KAH-muh-noot]

使成粉末；粉碎；分割

Definition

: to reduce to minute particles : pulverize

：减小到极小的微粒子：同义词pulverize，磨成粉，粉碎

Did You Know?

What do comminute, pulverize, and triturate all have in common? All three words are derived from Latin and share the meaning “to reduce to small particles.” Comminute can be traced back to the prefix com- and the verb minuere, meaning “to lessen.” Pulverize descends from a combination of pulver-, meaning “dust” or “powder,” with the suffix -izare, which — like the English -ize — can mean “to cause to be.” Triturate is borrowed from the past participle of the Latin triturare, which means “to thresh.” Triturate specifically refers to the use of rubbing or grinding to achieve pulverization, a process which could be said to resemble the use of rubbing to separate grains from harvested cereal plants.

词源词根演化

com- + minuere (“to lessen”) —> comminute pulver-(“dust” or “powder”) + izare —> pulverize triturare (“to thresh”) —> triturate

comminute, pulverize和triturate这三个词有什么共同之处？它们三个都来自于拉丁语，共同的意思都是“减小到很小的颗粒”。comminute可以追溯到前缀com-与动词minuere，意思是“减小”。pulverize则是pulver-，意思是“灰尘”或“粉末”，与后缀*-izare*，与英语后缀*-ize类似，意思是“使之成为”，组合而成。triturate是从拉丁与triturare*的过去分词借来的，意思是“打谷”。尤其是指通过摩擦或者研磨方式来获取粉末，可以说有点类似于使用摩擦方式从收割的庄家中分离谷物的过程。

注：thresh：打谷，脱粒，反复的做；

Examples

• “Type III fracture are comminuted (involve multiple broken pieces of bone), which lead to mechanical blocks to motion and significant elbow joint and ligament damage. Surgery would be required to fix or remove the broken pieces of bone and repair the soft-tissue damage.”

  — Joshua Dines, , 21 Oct. 2018

  三类骨折是粉碎性骨折（涉及多块骨头碎片），可以导致机械运动障碍和严重的肘关节与韧带损坏。手术是必要的，用于固定或者移除骨碎片以及修复软组织损伤。

• “… the USDA says all cooked sausages (including bologna and hot dogs) must be comminuted”, or ‘reduced to minute particles.’"

  — Emily Petsko, Mental Floss, 24 Oct. 2018

  美国农业部（USDA - United States Department of Agriculture)说所有烹制香肠（包括大腊肠bologna与热狗）都必须要粉碎，或者"减小到小颗粒状态"。

  注：bologna [bə’loʊnjə] ：大腊肠；Bologna：意大利北部城市名

  
  hot dog：热狗
  

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